Fairbanks, city, east-central Alaska, U.S.It lies along the Chena River (tributary of the Tanana), some 360 miles (580 km) north of Anchorage and about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Arctic Circle.. The site was originally inhabited by nomadic Athabaskan Indians. The city was founded in 1902 during a gold strike and was named for Indiana …